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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.244



Tucker, Michael. _Dog Training Step by Step_.
  Tucker is an ex GDB instructor and his books are easy to read and
  follow. His others are _Dog Training Made Easy_, _Solving Your Dog
  Problems_.

Turner, Trevor, ed.  _Veterinary Notes for Dog Owners_.  Popular Dogs.
1991.  L17.99 paper, L30.00 hardback.
  Similar to the Horse Owners book.

Vanderlip, Sharon Lynn, DVM.  _The Collie: A Veterinary Reference for the
Professional Breeder_.

Volard. _Training Your Dog Step by Step_.

Welch, Jim.  _The Speed Mushing Manual_.  Sirius Publishing, 1989.
   ISBN: 0-96236-43-0-4.
   This is a book about serious sprint sled dog racing, the how to's.
   Not a novice book.

Weston, David.  _Dog Training: The Gentle Method_.

Wilcox, Bonnie and Chriss Walkowicz.  _Atlas of Dog Breeds_.  TFH
Publications.
  Over 900 pages long in large format.  The authors are top notch
  writers and did extensive research to compile this comprehensive
  resource of the world's dog breeds.  The book is profusely
  illustrated with excellent quality photographs and a 3-5 page
  article.  This book makes a good effort to show every color and
  every coat type of each breed in the various photos.  Expensive.

Willis, Bruce.  _Genetics of Dogs_.

Zimen, Eric.  Eric Mosbacher, trans. _The Wolf: His Place in the
Natural World_. (UK title).
  Book on wolf behavior.


B.  Articles.

Allen, Moira Anderson.  "Cancer: An Overview -- Canine Cancers and
Treatment Methods."  Pure-Bred Dogs, American Kennel Gazette.
107(6):84.  June 1, 1990.

Angel, C., O. D. Murphree, and D. C. De Lucia.  1974.  The effects of
chlordiazepoxide, amphetamine and cocaine on bar-press behavior in
normal and genetically nervous dogs.  Res. Nerv. Syst. 35:220-23.

Bardens, JW. Palpation for the detection of dysplasia and wedge
technique for pelvic radiography; Proc AAHA; pp 468-471, 1972.

Cardinet, GH, III, Guffy, MM, et al. Canine hip dysplasia in German
Shepherd Dog - Greyhound crossbreeds; J Am Vet Med Assoc; 164:
591-598, 1983.

Corley, EA, Hogan, PM. Trends in hip dysplasia control: Analysis of
Radiographs submitted to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals,
1974 to 1984; J Am Vet Med Assoc 187: 805-809, 1985.

Corley, EA, GG Keller. Hip Dysplasia A Guide for Dog Breeders and
Owners, 2nd Ed., Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Columbia, MO,
1989.

Dixon, RT. The effect of limb positioning on the radiographic
diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia; Vet Rec 91: 644-646, 1972.

Fox, M. W., and J. W. Spencer.  1967.  Development of the delayed
response in the dog.  Anim. Behav. 15:162-68.

Fox, SM, Burns, J, Burt, J. Symposium on Hip Dysplasia; Vet Med:
pp 683-716, July, 1987.

Fuller, J. L., C. A. Easler, and E. M. Banks.  1950.  Formation of
conditioned avoidance responses in young puppies.  Am. J. Physiol.
160:462-66.

Gaebelein, C. J., R. A. Galosy, L. Botticelli, J. L. Howard, and P. A.
Obrist. 1977.  Blood pressure and cardiac changes during signalled and
unsignalled avoidance in dogs.  Physiol. Behav. 19:69-74.

Hart BL. "Effects of neutering and spaying on the behavior of dogs and
cats: Questions and answers about practical concerns," in JAVMA
1991;198:1204-1205.

Houpt KA, Coren B, Hintz et al.  "Effects of sex and reproductive
status on sucrose preference, food intake, and body weight of dogs,"
in JAVMA 1979; 174:1083-1085.

Houpt, Katherine A., VMD, PhD and Thomas R. Wolski DVM. Domestic
Animal Behavior for Veterinarians and Animal Scientists, 1982, pp.
235-238.  Discusses studies on breed differences in learning ability
or, at least, in acquisition and performance of various tasks.
Contains references to similar studies.

Henry, JD, Jr, Park, RD. Wedge technique for demonstration of
coxofemoral joint laxity in the canine: Proc. Canine Hip Dysplasia
Symposium and Workshop; OFA, Columbia, MO; pp 117-126, 1972.

Heshammer, A, Olsson, S-E, et al. Study of heritablility in 401
litters of German Shepherd Dogs; J. AM Vet Med Assoc 174:
1012-1016, 1979.  [Hip dysplasia.]

Hutt, FB. Genetic selection to reduce the incidence of hip
dysplasia in dogs; J Am Vet Med Assoc; 151: 1041-1048, 1967.

Johnson SD.  "Questions and answers on the effects of surgically
neutering dogs and cats," in JAVMA 1991;198:1206-1213.

Kasstrom, H. Nutrition, weight gain, and development of hip
dysplasia: An experimental investigation in growing dogs with
special reference to the effect of feeding intensity; Acta Radiol
Suppl 344: 135-179, 1975.

Lane RS. Treatment of clothing with a permethrin spray for
personal protection against the Western black-legged tick,
Ixodes pacificus (Acari: ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol 1989;

LeRoux PH.  Thyroid status, oestradiol level, work performance and
body mass of ovariectomised bitches and bitches bearing ovarian
autotransplants in the stomach wall.  J S Afr Vet Assoc
1977;48:115-117.

Lynch, J. J., and J. F. McCarthy.  1967.  The effect of petting on a
classically conditioned emotional response.  Behaav. Res. Ther.
5:55-62.

Mackenzie, SA. Canine hip dysplasia: Why heritability estimates
differ; Canine Pract 12: 19-22, 1985.

Marrion, Ruth, DMV.  "New Views on Neutering," in _Purebred
Dogs/American Kennel Gazette_, April 1992 (pp50-54).

Morgan, JP, M Stephens. Radiographic Diagnosis and Control of Canine
Hip Dysplasia; Venture Press, Davis, CA, 1985.

Nicholas, FW. "Hip Dysplasia: Perspectives of the Eighties" in
_Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Small Animals)_. Grune &
Stratton, Inc., Orlando, FL, Vol II, No. 2, May 1987.

Owen, Larry.  "Identifying and treating Cancer in Geriatric Dogs."
Veterinary Medicine.  86(1):55 (January 1 1991).

Rendano, VT, Ryan G. Canine hip dysplasia evaluation; J Vet Radiol,
26:170-186, 1985.

Salmeri KR, Bloomberg MS, Scruggs SL, Shille V.  Gonadectomy in
immature dogs: Effects on skeletal, physical, and behavioral
development.  JAVMA 1991;198:1193-1203.

Salmeri KR, Olson PN, Bloomberg MS.  Elective gonadectomy in dogs: A
review.  JAVMA 1991;198:1183-1191.

Schulze TL, McDevitt WM, Parkin WE, Shisler JK.
Effectiveness of Two Insecticides in Controlling Ixodes
dammini (Acari: IXxodidae) Following an Outbreak of Lyme
Disease in New Jersey. J.Med. Entomol. 24:420-424 (1987)

Sonnenschein, Elizabeth G., Larwence T. Glickman, and Michael H.
Goldschmidt.  Body Conformation, Diet, and Risk of Breast Cancer in
Pet DOgs: A Case-Control Study.  American Journal of Epidemiology.
133(7):694 (April 1, 1991).

Stanley, W. C., W. E. Bacon, and C. Fehr.  1970.  Discriminated
instrumental learning in neonatal dogs.  J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol.
70:335-43.

Stanley, W. C., J. E. Barrett, and W. E. Bacon.  1974.  Conditioning
and extinction of avoidance and escape behavior in neonatal dogs.  J.
Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 87:163-72.

Thrusfield MV.  Association between urinary incontinence and spaying
bitches.  Vet Rec. 1985;116:695.

Vogel, H. H., Jr., J. P. Scott, and M.-'V. Marston.  1950.  Social
facilitation and allelomimetic behavior in dogs. I. Social
facilitation in a non-competitive situation.  Behaviour 2:121-34.

Woodbury, C. B.  1943.  The learning of stimulus patterns by dogs.  J.
Comp. Psychol. 35:29-40.


C.  Companies and Catalogues.

Disclaimer: I do not know of the accuracy of any of these addresses.
I was given two different addresses for some companies, both appear.
I can make no other statement about any of these companies or their
products.  If you have any comments or corrections, I will note them
here along with the date.

Acme Machine Co.
2901 Freemont Ave. South
Minneapolis, MN  55408
phone: [phone]
fax: [phone]
obedience supplies, including a dumbbell with a nylabone dowel.

ADANAK Sleds and Equipment
4108 Hywy 93 N
Kalispell, MT  59901
(406) 752 - 2929
Sledding equpment.

Alpine Publications, Inc.
233 South Madison Avenue
P.O. Box 7027
Loveland, Colorado  80537
phone: [phone] orders only, 303-667-2017 customer service
books

Animal Town, Inc.
P.O. Box 1710
El Cajon, CA 92022
phone:  previously listed number invalid as of 4/92
dog, cat, fish, bird, and small animal pet supplies.

Bedford Farms/Black Ice
11225 County Road 20
Delano, Minnesota  55328
phone: [phone]
sledding supplies.  excellent harnesses.

Beef Rawhide
P.O. Box 1210
Riverdale, NY  10471-1210
phone: [phone]
rawhides.  very good quality and prices.

Care-A-Lot Pet Supply Warehouse
1617 Diamond Springs Road
Virginia Beach, Virginia  23455
phone:  [phone] outside Virginia   804-460-9771 within Virginia
   phones staffed: m-f 9 am - 6:30 pm, sat 10 am - 5 pm, eastern time
fax: [phone]
general dog and cat supplies, some tools

Cherrybrook
Route 57, P.O. Box 15
Broadway, New Jersey  08808
phone: [phone] outside NJ, 201-689-7979 in NJ
   phone hours not listed.  warehouse hours m-f 9-6, sat 9-5, eastern
fax: [phone]
general dog and cat supplies.

Denlinger's Publishers, LTD.
P.O. Box 76
Fairfax, Virginia  22030
phone: [phone]
fax: [phone]
books

Direct Book Service
P.O. Box 15357
Seattle, WA  98115
phone:  [phone] locally
   phone staffed: 8-5 M-F
fax [phone]
dog books, including out-of-print books; very complete

Dog & Cat Book Catalog
(from) Direct Book Service
PO Box 15357, Seattle WA 98115
1-800-776-2665
books on all subjects: behavior, naming your dog, hunting, herding,
training (all kinds), and out-of-print books

Econo.Vet
1-800-451-4162
(best vaccine prices in the US)

Foster & Smith
1-800-826-7206

Goldrusk Pet Care Center
1991 Allouez Avenue
Green Bay, Wisconsin  54311
414-468-7956

Howell Book House
866 Third Avenue
New York, New York  10022
phone: [phone]

IKON Outfitters LTD.
7597 Latham Road
Lodi, Wisconsin  53555
phone: [phone]
   phone staffed: m-f 8-5, central time
sleds, sledding and carting supplies, backpacks.

Invisible Fencing
724 West Lancaster Avenue
Wayne, Pennsylvania  19087
215-964-0600

J-B Wholesale Pet Supplies, Inc.
289 Wagaraw Road
Hawthorne, New Jersey  07506
phone: [phone] or 1-800-872-6028 outside NJ, 201-423-2222 in NJ
   phones staffed: m-f 9-6, sat 9:30 - 4:30, eastern time
fax: [phone]
800 numbers are supposed to work for both US, Canada
general dog supplies.  some cat supplies.

Jeffers Vet Supply
Box 100
Dothan, Alabama  36302-0100
phone: [phone]

J and J Dog Supplies
P.O. Box 1517
Galesburg, Illinois  61402
phone: [phone]
   phone staffed: 8:30-4:30, central time.  days not listed.
fax: [phone]
obedience supplies, leather leashes.

Kaleb's Kart Co
Route 3, Box 89 chapel Lane
Neilsville, WI  54456
(715) 743 - 3864
Skijoring equipment.

Kicksled USA
Old Rte. 16
Center Ossipee, NH  03814
(800) 621 - 2636
Lightweight dog sleds for training and family fun.

Konari Outfitters
P.O. Box 752
52 Seymour St.
Middlebury, VT  05753
phone: (802) 388 - 7447
variety of outdoor/dog supplies.  Sledding harnesses,
backpacks, etc.

Leerburg Video Production
P.O. Box 218
Menomonie, Wisconsin  54751
715-235-6502

Long Run Kennels
P.O. Box 1475
Charlestown, RI 02813
phone: [phone] (1-800-enjoyem)
   phone staffed: 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
general pet supplies.  $30 minimum order.

Master Animal Care
411 7th Avenue
Box 7
Two Harbors, Minnesota  55616-0007
1-800-346-0749
1-800-325-2465 (in Minnesota)

Nordkyn Outfitters
P.O. Box 1023
Graham, WA  98338-1023
phone: [phone]
sledding and weight pulling supplies.

Omaha Vaccine Company
Best Care Catalogue
3030 "L" Street  PO Box 7228
Omaha, Nebraska 68107
phone: [phone]
  7am to 6pm M-F, 8am to noon Saturday Central time
sister company to Wholesale Veterinary Supplies.

The Patch Place
(for titles on patches)
2010 E. Wren St.
Peoria Heights, IL 61614

Patch Werks (custom patches)
K. Sours
3821 N. Charter Oak Rd.
Peoria, IL 61615

Pedigrees
1989 Transit Way
Box 905
Brockport, NY  14420-0905
phone: order desk: 716-637-1431  customer service: 1-716-637-1434
   phones staffed: m-f 8 am - 7:30 pm, sat 9-1, eastern time
general dog and cat supplies.  pet-related gift items.

Pedigrees
15 Turner Drive
Box 110
Spencerport, New York  14559-0110
716-352-1232
716-352-3202

Penguin USA
Box 120
Bergenfield, NJ 07621-0120
phone orders: 1-800-526-0275 9-4 eastern time, M-F
customer service: 1-800-331-4624 8:45-4:30 eastern time, M-F
fax: [phone] hours
telex: 13-5329 24 hours
a few pet books.

The Pet Book Shop
P.O. Box 507
Oyster Bay, New York  11771
516-922-1169

Pro Kennel Supply
P.O. Box 25226
Little Rock, AR  72221
phone: [phone]
   phone staffed: m-sat 7am-9pm, central time
directed primarily at the hunting kennel

Ray Allen Manufacturing Co. Inc.
P.O. Box 9281
Colorado Springs, CO  80932-0281
phone:  [phone] orders only, 1-719-633-0404 customer service
   phone staffed: 8-5 (days not listed) mountain time
working dog supplies (schutzhund, ring, etc.)

Rae's Harness Shop
1524 E. Dowling Rd.
Anchorage, Alaska  99507
(800) 594 - 2262
Sled dog supplies

R.C. Steele
1989 Transit Way
Box 910
Brockport, NY  14420-0910
phone: [phone] to order, 1-800-424-2205 in canada,
       1-800-272-0234 customer service, 1-716-637-1408 local
   phones staffed: m-f 8am-7:30pm, sat 9-1, eastern time
general pet supplies.  very good prices.  $50 minimum order.

Sante Fe Collection (They adv. T-shirts say "We Passed! CD 1992")
53 Camerada Rd.
Sante Fe, NM 87505
1-800-950-4863

Sound Dog Productions
P.O. Box 27488
Seattle, Washington  98125-2488
206-547-7877

State Line Tack, Inc.
PO Box 428
Route 121
Plaistow, NH 03865
phone: [phone]

T.F.H. Publications, Inc.
P.O. Box 427
Neptune, NJ  07753-0427
phone: [phone]
books.

Tun-Dra Outfitters
16438-96th Ave.
Nunica, Michigan  49448
phone: [phone]
   phone staffed: m-sat 9am-7pm, sun 1-5
store hours: m-sat 9-5:30, sun by appointment
sledding and etc. supplies.

UPCO
3705 Pear Street
P.O. Box 969
St. Joseph, Missouri  64502-0969
phone: [phone]
   phones staffed: m-f 7:30 am - 4:30 pm, sat. 7:30 am - noon, central time
fax: [phone]
pet and horse supplies, medicines

UPCO
P.O. Box 969
St. Joseph, Missouri  64502-0969
816-233-8800

Wholesale Pet USA
975 Ford Street
Colorado Springs, CO  80915
phone: order desk: 1-800-444-0404  customer service: 1-719-380-0404
   phones staffed: m-f 8-5, sat 8-noon, mountain time
fax: [phone]
general dog supplies.  some cat and small animal products.

Wholesale Veterinary Supply, Inc.   1-800-435-6940
P.O. Box 2256
Rockford, IL  61131
sister company to Omaha Vaccine Company


D.  Magazines.

The Canine Chronicle
Court Square Tower
605 Second Avenue N. Suite 203
Columbus, MS 39701
601-327-1124
601-327-9750 fax
$55 6 months, $80 1 year, $135 2 yrs
monthly

DogFancy
Subscription Department
PO Box 53264
Boulder, Colorado  80323-3264
phone: [phone]
dog magazine.
also publishers of: CatFancy (P.O. Box 52864),
                    Horse Illustrated (P.O. Box 57549),
            BirdTalk (P.O. Box 57347),
            WildBird (P.O. Box 52898),
            Aquarium Fish (P.O. Box 53351)

Dog Watch
11331 Ventura Blvd., Suite 301
Studio City, CA 91604
818-761-DOGS
weekly "newspaper" (except last two weeks in december)
complimentary copies sent to judges

Dog World
29 North Wacker Dr
PO Box 6500
Chicago, IL  60680
phone: [phone]
dog magazine

DSM PUBLISHING, INC.
(Dog Sports Magazine,
K-9 Product News,
Sea Meadow Products Co.)
940 Tyler Street, Studio 17
Benicia, CA 94510-2916 / USA
1-707-745-6897
1-707-745-4581 (fax)

Gazette  [AKC events]
5580 Centerview Dr.
Raleigh NC 27690-0643

Mushing
P.O. Box 149
Ester, AK  99725-0149
This is an all season international magazine for dog driving sports.


E.  Organizations.

American Boarding Kennel Association
4575 Galley Rd., Suite 400A
Colorado Springs, CO 80915
719-591-1113

American Humane Association
5351 S. Roslyn Street
Englewood, Colorado 80111.
(303-779-1400.

American Kennel Club (AKC)
51 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010
United States

Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC)
Administrative Buildings
Royal Showgrounds, Ascot Vale
3032,  Victoria
Australia

Audio Dogs
27 Crescent Street
Brooklyn, New York 11208.
212-827-2792.

Canadian Kennel Club (CKC)
89 Skyway Avenue
Rexdale, Ontario M9W 6R4
Canada

Canine Companions For Independence (CCI)
P.O. Box 446
Santa Rosa, CA 95402-0446
707-528-0830 V/TDD

Canine Eye Registration Foundation (CERF)
South Campus Courts C
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN  47906
United States

Dogs for the Deaf
Applegate Behavior Station
13260 Highway 238
Jacksonville, Oregon 97530.
503-899-7177.

Fe'de'ration  Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
Rue Le'opold-II
14B-6530 Thuin
Belgium

Guide Dog Foundation
371 Jericho Turnpike
Smithtown, New York 11787.
516-265-2121.

Handi-Dogs, Inc.
PO Box 12563
Tucson, Arizona 85732.
602-326-3412 or 602-325-6466.

Hearing Dog, Inc.
Agnes McGrath, Director
5901 E. 89 Ave.,
Henderson, Colorado 80640.
303-287-3277 (voice/tty).

The Kennel Club
1-5 Clarges Street
London W1Y 8AB
United Kingdom

Kennel Union of Southern Africa (KUSA)
Box 2659
Cape Town 8000
South Africa

National Association of Pet Sitters
632 Holly Ave.
Winston Salem, NC 27101
919-723-PETS

New England Assistance Dog Service (NEADS)
P.O. Box 213
West Boylston
Massachusetts 01583.
508-835-3304 (TT/voice).
Verified May '92.

New Zealand Kennel Club (NZKC)
Private Bag
Porirua
New Zealand

San Francisco SPCA
Hearing Dog Program
2500 16th Street
San Francisco, CA 94103.
415-554-3020.
Verified March '92.

The Wolf Society of Great Britain
Prospect House
Charlton
Kilmersdon. Bath. BA3 5TN

----------------
This file is Copyright (c) 1992 by Cindy Tittle Moore.  It may be
freely distributed in its entirety provided that this copyright notice
is not removed.  It may not be sold for profit nor incorporated in
commercial documents without the author's written permission.

Cindy Tittle Moore
Internet: [e-mail]  UUCP: ...!ucbvax!ucivax!tittle
Bitnet  : cltittle@uci        USmail: PO BOX 4188, Irvine CA 92716
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From: [e-mail] (Cindy Tittle Moore)
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Subject: rec.pets.dogs:  Dog Behavior, Problems, and Training FAQ
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Archive-name: dogs-faq/training
Version: 2.3
Last-modified: 25 September 1992

This is one (of ten) of the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) Lists
for rec.pets.dogs.  It is posted on a monthly basis: updates,
additions, and corrections (including attributions) are always
welcome: send email to one of the addresses below.

The ten parts are all archived at pit-manager.mit.edu (18.172.1.27) in
the directory /pub/usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq.  The files are:
introduction, new, health-care, medical-info, training, working,
AKC-titles, misc1, misc2, and references.  To obtain the files, first
try ftp to pit-manager.mit.edu and look under that directory.  If ftp
does not work from your site, then try the mail server: send email to
[e-mail] with

send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/introduction
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/new
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/health-care
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/medical-info
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/training
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/working
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/AKC-titles
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/misc1
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/misc2
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/references

in the body of the message (leave the subject line empty).  If you
don't want all of them, include only the lines of the ones you want.
You do have to repeat the path information for each file.

Changes and additions marked with |'s.
This is still incomplete in some places, particularly section M.
I want to add some notes on "drop it," "leave it," etc.

V.  Dog Behavior, Problems and Training.

  Prologue.
  A.  Understanding Your Dog.
  B.  Principles Behind Dominance.
  C.  Dominance Problems.
  D.  Housetraining Problems.
  E.  Submissive Urination.
  F.  Other Common Problems.
  G.  Comments on Obedience Training
  H.  Attention.
  I.  Corrections.
  J.  Using Food.
  K.  Training and Corrective Collars.
  L.  Learning to Sit.
  M.  Down, Stay, Off.
  N.  Heeling.
  O.  Learning Recall.
  P.  Beyond Basic Obedience.


Prologue.

While this article tries to help you understand what the sources of
trouble between you and your dog may be, I want to stress that there
is absolutely no replacement for a trainer you know and trust to help
you and your dog.  Kindergarten Puppy Classes are an invaluable start
on you and your puppy's life together, especially if you choose a good
one.  Having someone to ask questions and show you what works with
your dog is like having the picture as opposed to the words -- a
thousand times better.  Nevertheless, this article will hopefully help
with some common problems.

A.  Understanding Your Dog.

1. "Why would my dog be happier inside than outside when I am not home?"

You must understand the nature of dogs -- namely, that they live in
social units called "packs."  That means that your dog views you and
your family and any other pets as its pack.  Your home is the "den."
Dogs prefer to be closer to the center of the den -- the place where
the pack's smells are most acute.  While many dogs are very happy to
stay outdoors during the day while the rest of the pack is gone to
work, a great many dogs also develop behavioral problems as a result
of daily "expulsion" from the den.

In addition, a dog with access to a large territory may feel compelled
to "defend" all of it, resulting in other types of problems: frantic
barking at "intruders," and so on.  Restricting the amount of
territory it has to protect may reduce this type of behavior.

2.  "Shouldn't dogs run free in the countryside?"

It is an absolute myth that living in the country confers greater
latitude in the dictum "thou shall keep thy dog constrained to the
immediate environs of the pack."  Country dogs allowed to run free get
shot by hunters, into fights with other dogs over territoriality
issues.  They can kill livestock, fight and tassle and get disease
from wild animals, and be hit by cars on the highway.  They become
increasingly aggressive as they vie for larger and larger perimeter
boundaries to their territory, and they no longer relate to YOU as the
leader of their pack.  Also, don't forget that intact animals will
breed and add to the overpopulation problem.

3.  "Why do dogs engage in undesirable behavior?"

When dogs start undesirable (to humans) behavior, its best to try to
understand the source of this behavior.  Often it stems from the
frustration of being left alone.  Dogs are very social animals.  One
positive solution is to make sure your dog is properly exercised.
Exercise is a wonderful cure to many behavioral problems and dogs just
love it.  Do check with your vet for the proper amount of exercise for
both the age and breed of any dog.  Another solution is obedience
training.  The point is, your dog needs your attention, whether it is
by taking it out on a walk, training it, or both.

When bad behaviors begin in your absence, they can just get worse and
worse every day if not addressed or prevented.  Puppies (up to 18
months or so) get very bored when they are left alone.  Even catching
it in the act may not help, at least at this point.  Often this is a
problem with separation anxiety.  Try to spend as much time with your
pup as you can; this is one of your responsibilities as a dog owner.

4.  "But it is SO FRUSTRATING when my dog does this!!"

Yes, it is.  But screaming and yelling at the dog, or punishing it
well after the fact does not tell your dog what is wrong.  You may in
fact wind up teaching it to fear you, or consider you unreliable.  You
must get your dog to understand you, and *you* have to work on the
communication gap, as you are more intelligent than your dog.

Preventing your dog from unwanted behaviors coupled with *properly
timed* corrections will go much further in eliminating the behavior
from your pet than yelling at it.

In fact, you should not yell at, scream at, or hit your dog, ever.
There are much more effective ways to get your point across.  Try
instead to understand the situation from your dog's point of view and
act accordingly.  The techniques in this chapter approach problems
with this in mind.

5.  "Why does crating work?"

First of all, it prevents the dog from doing many of the behaviors you
don't want it to.  What it does not do, it does not develop a habit of
doing and does not need to be corrected for it.  Second, it means that
when your dog *does* have an opportunity to engage in the unwanted
behavior, *you* are around (because you're home to let it out) to give
a proper and timely correction.

As the behavioral aspects pointed out above, reducing the territory
to protect and keeping it in the den are positive things from the
dog's point of view.

6.  "How do I know if my dog understands me or is ignoring me?"

There are five reasons a dog might not do a command: it's untrained,
it's confused, it's fearful, it's distracted, or it thinks it has a
choice.  Only the last two requires correction.  The first two require
working with your dog do solve the problem and to get it to understand
what you want it to do.  The fearful reaction is probably an
indication that you're doing something wrong in your approach and you
need to try something else.  Persistent fear may need mild correction.
You won't always be able to tell how your dog is reacting, especially
not at first.  You must learn to pay attention to your dog so that you
can accurately read it.  Think of obedience and training as a two-way
street: you're both learning to understand each other.

Dogs first learn to behave in a certain way without really
understanding what they are doing.  By putting the dog in a stressful
situation or tempting the dog to not perform the exercise, you can see
how well it understands the exercise.  When the dog initially fails
under these circumstances, it is only appropriate to help them through
the exercise.  Corrections are done if the dog appears to think it has
a choice; or if the dog continues to be afraid after helping for a
long time.  In this case, the dog needs to learn to work through his
fear.  Corrections are appropriate, because dogs often think their
owners approve of the fear -- in particular, soothing them can
communicate your approval of their fear.  Keep corrections for fear
mild, but definitely corrective.

7.  "I trained my dog to do all these things and now he won't do them!"

This is typical.  Think of adolescent rebellion in teenagers.  First
your dog learned and obeyed your commands because you were
unquestionably the leader.  Then, while your dog understood what the
command was, it was older and decided to test you.  This is where
corrections become crucial.  If you pass this struggle (and it varies
with the individual dog), you will generally get past this hump,
although each individual command may go through a mini-sequence like
this.

B.  Principles Behind Dominance.

For obedience training to proceed smoothly, your dog must consider you
its alpha leader.  This means that it considers YOU the boss.  There
are a number of exercises you can to to establish and maintain
dominance over your dog.  Individual dogs vary in submissiveness.  If
your dog is very submissive, you don't need to worry about
establishing dominance (in fact, you may need to tone down your own
dominating behavior to help bolster its confidence).  Most dogs are
happy to be submissive: just be sure to show approval at the
occasional signs of submission, and assert dominance if it tries to
test you (most dogs will, in adolescence).  A few dogs may be very
dominant and continually challenge you for dominance, in which case
you will actively need to assert and establish your position.